10-K (annual report)
The annual report that US companies must file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), with audited financial statements, a description of the business, its risks and management's discussion of the year. The quarterly version is the 10-Q; foreign companies listed in the US file a similar 20-F.
Simple example
A large company whose fiscal year ends on December 31 announces its results in early February and must file its 10-K within 60 days, so by about March 1. Smaller companies get 75 or 90 days.